In PSAP, stealing money from a factitious opponent in a trial to earn money is considered to be an aggressive act as it represents intent to cause harm to the opponent. With this test it was reported that baseline testosterone concentrations, despite individual differences, were positively correlated with the intensity of the aggressive reaction. Most studies have been based on self-report questionnaires, which record actual aggression and its intensity with questionable likelihood. Prison is an environment in which a majority of its inmates have shown violent behavior in the past and where dominance behavior prevails. Attenuated residues of these instincts remain in humans, albeit suppressed by familial and social inhibitions, but it still manifests in modified and various forms in accordance with the idiosyncrasy, temperament and the psychological state of each individual (1-12). Violent and aggressive behavior is a natural and physiological element that rules animal life, driven as it is by the instincts of survival and the preservation of species through reproduction. Aggressive behavior has been variously defined and it is exhibited with a broad spectrum of manifestations from the tendency to aggressiveness to physical violence. In these cases, the difference in seniority between the fourth-year students and their opponents varied. However, for the third and fourth types, the difference in academic years between the players and their opponents depended on their own year. The fourth type was the "first-year game," where first-year students played against senior opponents (second to fourth years). The third was the "fourth-year game," where fourth-year students played against junior opponents (first to third years). Participants competed against an opponent from each year, including from their own year. The psychological impacts of testosterone imbalances, whether manifested in low or high levels, underscore the importance of recognizing the interdependence of hormonal health and psychological well-being. Elevated testosterone levels in females with PCOS can have psychological ramifications, including mood disturbances, anxiety, and changes in self-esteem. This subsection examines strategies for managing and regulating testosterone levels, considering the potential impact on mental health outcomes. The management of elevated testosterone levels involves a multidimensional approach, including pharmacological, psychological, and lifestyle interventions. By examining effective behavioral interventions, this subsection provides insights into practical approaches for individuals experiencing heightened testosterone-related psychological symptoms. Participants showed more dominant behavior when their status was higher than their opponent’s. In addition, it is important to note that the influence of hormones on dominance behavior should not be overestimated. Next, we investigated the shift in the effect of testosterone as a function of rising status by conducting longitudinal analyses of data from the two waves. It remains unknown whether the relationship between baseline T and submissive behavior among low-status members was false positive or whether there are some other modulating factors (i.e. the interpretation of the anonymous UG situation). On the other hand, there were non-significant but negative relationships between endogenous T and acquiescence when the player was equal or junior to their opponent in the second wave. Similar modulations of status or higher trait dominance on the effect of T has been reported in some studies, as described in the introduction26,27. Interestingly, the sensitivity of these receptors can vary between individuals, which may help explain why people with similar testosterone levels can exhibit different behavioral patterns. They also referenced several studies suggesting zinc supplementation may help restore healthy testosterone levels. One study on healthy young men found that getting less than 5 hours of sleep a night for a week resulted in a 10-15% decrease in daytime testosterone levels. Asynchronous psychological maturation and the variability of testosterone secretion depends on the stage of puberty, and this explains the inconsistent and conflicting results of the studies of testosterone relationship with aggression in adolescents. This subsection explores the complex interplay between elevated testosterone and external factors, such as social context, stressors, and environmental triggers. Recognizing these impacts is crucial for developing targeted interventions that address both the physical and psychological aspects of testosterone-related disorders. Low testosterone has been linked to deficits in executive functions, affecting an individual’s ability to navigate complex cognitive tasks. This subsection explores the intricate interplay between testosterone and cognitive functions, exploring the potential mechanisms underlying memory deficits and diminished concentration in individuals with low testosterone. This part examines the impact of testosterone on emotional regulation, shedding light on the potential consequences of hormonal imbalances for interpersonal relationships and overall quality of life.